Analysis of optimization in an otec plant using organic. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal. It outlines the conventional power system for otec in a closed cycle. Journal of mechatronics, electrical power, and vehicular. Provide information on the history, operation, application and current development on the ocean thermal energy conversion technology. The ccotec plant would require a 198 m long shipshaped platform with 39 m beam and an operating draft of 16 m.
Process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion. Otec or ocean thermal energy conversion, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans. Pdf this paper presents different roots of ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Otc 20957 first generation 50 mw otec plantship for the. Pdf conceptual design of a 5 mw otec power plant in the oman. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun. The total core heat transfer rate to the reactor coolant. Mpee is defined as being sustainable and technically feasible, given todays stateoftheart ocean energy technology. This may not sound like a lot but as the power demand for the otec plant is increased to hundreds of mw of power, the seawater flow rate will also increase dramatically. Otec, this difference is determined by t and is very small. Apr 19, 20 the plant is to be built off the coast of southern china to supply 100 percent of the power needed for a largescale green resort community being developed by reignwood group. Figure 4 miniotec off keabote point howatt courtesy of.
Apr 07, 2020 welcome to the okinawa prefecture deep sea water ocean thermal energy conversion otec demonstration facility. The oc otec plant would be shorter at 176 m but beamer at 90 m resulting in a displacement of 247,400 tonnes. At a result, cost effective otec power plant design has not been developed. The environmental impact of the introduction of otec plants to the pacific region is a. Note that the pumping power of the working fluid and the warm seawater pumping power in a otec plant system play an insignificant role in the determination of net power. Performance analysis of an otec plant and a desalination. This was a small plant that was more of a testing plant. Using ammonia as the working fluid, an optimization study by power method was presented by uehara and ikegamia 1990 for a closedcycle otec plant.
Maximum output of an otec power plant sciencedirect. The plant failed to achieve net power production because of a poor site selection e. Otec desalinated water production hybrid cycle landbased plants shown to be competitive to swro for the island market possible option otec to operate landbased otec desalination plants onboard reverse osmosis ro is an option for atsea production of desalinated water e3tec service, llc 5. Otec plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce electricity. Here youll find a collection of information on this historic project, as well as information on otec technology, news, and posts from facility staff. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which either drives an electrical generator or does some other work, like ship propulsion. The governor of hawaii, david ige, flipped the switch to activate the plant. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine.
This paper presents a design concept of ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant built in mamuju, west sulawesi, with 33 mwe and 7. Nov 17, 2011 the natural energy laboratory of hawaii authority has selected otec international to build a 1megawatt ocean thermal energy conversion demonstration plant on six acres of its 870acre ocean. Few otec investigators pay sufficient attention to the meter minimum distance between the thermal energy source ocean surface warm water and sink deep ocean cold water. In the evaporator surface water is used to heat up the working fluid. Conclusions and recommendations 32 figures 1 global distribution of annual wave power flux from wave watch iii windwave model 3 2 global distribution of annual wave power flux from fugro oceanor worldwaves model 3 3 wave energy conversion 4. Conceptual design of ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Pathways for accelerated uptake of renewables martinique, june 2224, 2015.
Technical note maximum output of an otec power plant. Its essence is a binary power plant and working fluid with a low boiling point, i. A system model of open rankine cycle ocean thermal energy conversion ocqtec was used to examine the effects of component performance and design on plant cost. Owens 1980 investigated the optimization of closedcycle otec plants. Thermal energy conversion otec power plants in tropical oceans. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy tethys.
Introduction to ocean thermal energy conversion and otec power system techno logy. The cc otec plant would require a 198 m long shipshaped platform with 39 m beam and an operating draft of 16 m resulting in 120,600 tonne metric ton displacement. Corporations are also working with other caribbean countries. First generation 50 mw otec plantship for the production of electricity and desalinated water. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which uses the oceans.
Although viable otec systems are characterized by carnot efrciencies in the range of 68%, stateoftheart combustion steam power cycles, which tap much higher temperature energy sources, are theoretically capable of converting more than 60% of the. Otec memberowners, for the health and safety of our members, employees, and the communities we serve, otec has closed our offices to walkin traffic until further notice. Pdf developing ocean energy extraction, including ocean thermal energy conversion otec, has been of interest to researchers for many. Several firms manufacture the submarine power cable required for the otec plant vega, 1994. Otec provides a clean, reliable energy solution for many areas of the world. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used. News makai connects worlds largest ocean thermal plant to u. This temperature difference can be used to produce electricity and to desalinate ocean water.
Otec power generation makes use of temperature differences between upper. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec pdf ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between. This is equivalent to filling 46 liter bottles full of seawater every second. The unit cost of electricity is estimated for indian conditions for a range of 1 mw to 100 mw as shown in table 3 adopting dr. The ih otec cycle is a combination of a closedcycle otec plant and a spray flash desalination plant. It was a model of an actual working plant and did not produce enough power. Otec,ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power. Ocean thermal energy conversion systems slideshare. The ocean contains enoughenergy power all of the worlds otec is a way to generateelectrical needs. The seawater flow rate for a 255 kw open cycle otec plant is 0.
These produced net power of 18 and 103 kw, respectively 6. Mpee is defined as being sustainable and technically feasible, given. Pdf ocean thermal energy conversion otec ajer research. Introduction ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a sys tem of converting heat energy into electricity by us ing the temperature difference between warm water at the oceans surface and the cold water of the depths. Apr 11, 2015 otec or ocean thermal energy conversion, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. There exist some locations where a shell mounted otec plant can be constructed at a depth of 200 m. This is the first true closedcycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant. Demonstrated that net power can be generated from a land based otec system and delivered to a real power grid. The economics of energy production have delayed the financing of permanent otec plants. America, and is a model of the power plant technology to be constructed overseas in the future. Also notable are the joint ventures by private japanese companies and the tokyo electric power company, which resulted in an otec plant on the paci.
It is one of the renewable energy resources that do not arise any indeed harmful impact on our environment. The generated electrical power and the efficiency of otec plant are enhanced by a. Also shown on the cover is a compactsize, nonreheating turbine, for which rapid growth is anticipated in the overseas markets. This document is general and focuses on the otec specific or unique components of the power plant, particularly the marine aspects of the warm and cold water intake systems. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. On the whole, w t, w n, w cs, w ws, and w p increase with m cs. Hawaii became the first state in the us to generate electricity from the thermal energy stored in ocean water using a new 105kilowatt ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant. Worlds largest ocean thermal energy conversion otec power. Hainan ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant. Otec potential and activity for islands in the asia pacific.
This report focuses on the development of an integrated model of a closedcycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant for the purpose of analyzing the relative effects of key design. The use o slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Otec,ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy technology that converts solar radiations to electrical power ocean thermal energy conversion. In an ih otec cycle, warm sea water evaporates the liquid ammonia in the otec evaporator, then enters the flash chamber and evaporates itself. Getting a feel for an otec plant 4m diameter x m long cold water pipe 55m x. In tropical regions, surface water can be much warmer than deep water. In addition, ganic and moeller 1980 carried out the performance study of an otec plant. The most commonly used heat cycle for otec to date is the rankine cycle using a.
Pdf the ocean thermal energy conversion strategies and. A 10mw ocean thermal energy conversion otec prototype power plant has been planned off the coast of hainan island in southern china. In the condenser bottom water is used to cool down the working fluid. It was a model of an actual working plant and did not produce enough power to be funded and kept in operation 3. In 1993 a small open cycle otec plant was designed and constructed by l. Thermal power plants contents trends and future outlook for thermal power plants. Otec makes use of the difference in temperatures of warm surface water 2227 c and very cold water at a depth of 1 km 47 c. Geoocean thermal energy conversion geotec power cycleplant.
The bathymetry of the coast around main land of india where cold water at a depth of m is available at about 40 km from the shore necessitates the use of a floating platform to house the otec plant. Otec can generate power and water to assist developing economies. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. For shelfmounted and floating systems, the scope of this document normally ends at the main power export cable where it connects to the electrical grid. In order to minimize development cost and project risk, smaller ocean otec power plant model needs to be tested and all difficulties resolved before the production scale plant construction. Aug 06, 2017 ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a technology solution that directly addresses the key concerns of energy security, global warming, pollution and depletion of nonrenewable fossil resources. Makai ocean engineering celebrates the completion of the worlds largest operational ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant with a dedication ceremony held on friday, august 21.
This is the first true closedcycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant to be connected to a u. The planned construction of an otec ocean thermal energy conversion power plant in the southern chinese high seas is set to become the largest power plant in the world. Makais ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the natural. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is considered as a promising resource of energy in the future. Not all otec sessions have presentations, and not all presenters share a copy of their material for this forum. The analysis presented here is for the production otec power plant with 50 mw power generation capacity. At present, the cost per kwh from otec is more than that of the electricity generated from fossil fuels and decreases with increasing capacity of the power plant. Demonstrated total pilot plant construction and operation. Aug 27, 2015 hawaii became the first state in the us to generate electricity from the thermal energy stored in ocean water using a new 105kilowatt ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant on big island. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering.
Unlike wind and solar power, otec can produce electricity around the clock, 365 days a year to supply base load power. Ocean thermalenergy conversionotec utilizes the worlds largestsolar radiation collector theocean. Ocean thermal power plants johns hopkins applied physics. Reentrainment the mixing of the water already used in the otec plant into the incoming warm. Modeling of ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant in. A new rankine power cycle utilising a combination of ocean thermal energy and geothermal waste energy is proposed and thus called a geotec geoocean thermal energy conversion power cycle plant. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica.
The power plant is intended to be a joint venture between two business giants, usbased engineering corporation lockheed martin and hong kongbased construction consortium reignwood. Hawaii ocean thermal energy conversion plant first in us. In tropical seas, surface seawater is within 24 to 33 while seawater at a depth of 500 to m remains between 3 and 9. Subsequently, a 100 kw gross power, landbased plant was operated in the island nation of nauru by a consortium of japanese companies. Makai ocean engineerings ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant is the worlds biggest operational facility of its kind, with an annual power generation capacity of 100kw, which is sufficient to power 120 homes in hawaii. Efficiency renewable online payment pdf file energy, operated by the alliance for sustainable. This is followed by a discussion of otec plant spacing and sustainability. In the case of otec, when appropriate, the cost of electricity is estimated with credit for the desalinated water. Worlds largest ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Objectives the primary objectives of this paper are as follows. Demonstrated that net power can be generated from a land based otec system and delivered to a real power. The pilot project will be jointly developed by the beijingbased resort developer reignwood group and the usbased defence and aerospace company lockheed martin. Using the total heat transfer area of heat exchangers per net power as an objective function, an otec cycle with plate.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec systems use a temperature difference of at least 77 fahrenheit to power a turbine to produce electricity. The heat stored in the ocean can be converted into electricity by means of a process called. Dec 11, 2019 the planned construction of an otec ocean thermal energy conversion power plant in the southern chinese high seas is set to become the largest power plant in the world. Otec announces temporary suspension of disconnects and late fees and office closures to walkin traffic. Generated output was used to power the plant and the remaining electricity was used to power a school and other places. The use of otec as a source of electricity will help reduce the states almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels.
It could notice that otec plants of 100 mw range are competitive with other conventional energy sources such as coal or hydel power plants. Grid august, 2015 download as pdf otec faq infographic key milestones click the thumbnails below to view fullsize graphics. Ocean thermal energy conversion is most suitable for use in tropical island settings. Otec international to build ocean power plant in hawaii. Makai connects worlds largest ocean thermal plant to u. Dividing the power plant into three major subsystems, tseng et al. The ocean thermal extractable energy visualization oteev project focuses on assessing the maximum practicably extractable energy mpee from the worlds ocean thermal resources. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal energy.
Economics of ocean thermal energy conversion otec luis a. Thermal power plants contents trends and future outlook for thermal power plants 70. Abstract ocean thermal energy conversion otec is the use of a high. An ocean thermal energy conversion power plant built by makai ocean engineering went operational in hawaii in august 2015. For the concepts considered herein, the products are 430,000 mwhyear for. This paper addresses the bright prospects for practical, nearterm implementation of ocean.
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